Actions to conserve biodiversity
We have summarised evidence from the scientific literature about the effects of actions to conserve wildlife and ecosystems.
Review the evidence from the studies
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Action | Effectiveness | Studies | Category | |
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Foster eggs or chicks of parrots with wild conspecifics Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Foster eggs or chicks of petrels and shearwaters with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Foster eggs or chicks of waders with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Foster eggs or chicks of ibises with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Foster eggs or chicks of cranes with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Foster eggs or chicks of songbirds with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food Action Link |
Awaiting assessment | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for petrels to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for gannets and boobies to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for auks to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for gulls, terns and skuas to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 6 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for wildfowl to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for gamebirds to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for rails and coots to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for waders to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for ibises to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for vultures to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for raptors to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 12 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for owls to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for kingfishers to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for pigeons to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for parrots to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for songbirds to increase reproductive success Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 37 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food to allow the rescue of a second chick Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for wildfowl to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for waders to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for gamebirds to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 6 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for vultures to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for raptors to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for cranes to increase adult survival Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for gulls, terns and skuas to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for pigeons to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for hummingbirds to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 7 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for woodpeckers to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for songbirds to increase adult survival Action Link |
Beneficial | 34 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food for nectar-feeding songbirds to increase adult survival Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 6 | Synopsis Link | |
Can supplementary feeding increase predation or parasitism? Action Link |
Awaiting assessment | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary food through the establishment of food populations Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Use perches to increase foraging success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Place feeders close to windows to reduce collisions Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide supplementary water to increase survival or reproductive success Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Provide calcium supplements to increase survival or reproductive success Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 13 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate individuals Action Link |
Beneficial | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate megapodes Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate petrels and shearwaters Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate pelicans Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate auks Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate wildfowl Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate gamebirds Action Link |
Trade-off between benefit and harms | 7 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate rails Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate raptors Action Link |
Beneficial | 7 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate herons, storks and ibises Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate owls Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate woodpeckers Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 7 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate parrots Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 7 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate songbirds Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 12 | Synopsis Link | |
Use techniques to increase the survival of species after capture Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Ensure translocated birds are familiar with each other before release Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Ensure genetic variation to increase translocation success Action Link |
No evidence found (no assessment) | 0 | Synopsis Link | |
Translocate nests to avoid disturbance Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Use vocalisations to attract birds to safe areas Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 10 | Synopsis Link | |
Use decoys to attract birds to safe areas Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 12 | Synopsis Link | |
Alter habitat to encourage birds to leave an area Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of tinamous Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of seabirds Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of rails Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of cranes Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of bustards Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of storks and ibises Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of raptors Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of pigeons Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of songbirds Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Can captive breeding have deleterious effects on individual fitness? Action Link |
Evidence not assessed | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Use artificial insemination in captive breeding Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Freeze semen for use in artificial insemination Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Wash contaminated semen and use it for artificial insemination Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear seabirds in captivity Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear penguins in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear wildfowl in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear gamebirds in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear rails in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear cranes in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear bustards in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear waders in captivity Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear storks and ibises in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear vultures in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear raptors in captivity Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 10 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear parrots in captivity Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Artificially incubate and hand-rear songbirds in captivity Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Use puppets to increase the survival or growth of hand-reared chicks Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of wildfowl Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of gamebirds Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of rails Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 3 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of cranes Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 6 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of bustards Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 4 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of waders Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 1 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of storks and ibises Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of vultures Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 5 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of raptors Action Link |
Likely to be beneficial | 14 | Synopsis Link | |
Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of owls Action Link |
Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence) | 2 | Synopsis Link |
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What are 'Individual studies' and 'Actions'?
Individual studies
An individual study is a summary of a specific scientific study, usually taken from a scientific journal, but also from other resources such as reports. It tells you the background context, the action(s) taken and their consequences.
If you want more detail please look at the original reference.
Actions
Each action page focuses on a particular action you could take to benefit wildlife or ecosystems.
It contains brief (150-200 word) descriptions of relevant studies (context, action(s) taken and their consequences) and one or more key messages.
Key messages show the extent and main conclusions of the available evidence. Using links within key messages, you can look at the paragraphs describing each study to get more detail. Each paragraph allows you to assess the quality of the evidence and how relevant it is to your situation.
Where we found no evidence, we have been unable to assess whether or not an intervention is effective or has any harmful impacts.