Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Tree pollarding and tree surgery We found no evidence for the effects of tree pollarding and tree surgery on bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F186https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F186Sun, 10 Jun 2012 13:01:16 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘mosaic management’ A replicated, controlled before-and-after study from the Netherlands found that northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus population trends changed from decreases to increases following the introduction of mosaic management. Three other waders did not show such a response. A replicated, paired sites study in the Netherlands found that black-tailed godwits Limosa limosa had higher productivity under mosaic management than other management types, and nests were less likely to be trampled by livestock. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F202https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F202Thu, 28 Jun 2012 11:52:32 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Undersow spring cereals, with clover for example Three studies from the UK, two replicated, found that there were higher densities of some study species on undersown fields or margins, compared with other fields, or that use of fields increased after they were undersown. One of these (reported in two places) found that not all species nested at higher densities. One replicated study from the UK found that various measures of grey partridge population health declined as the amount of undersown cereal on sites increased. A replicated study from the UK found no relationship between the amount of undersown cereals on a site and the productivity of grey partridge on that site. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F208https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F208Sun, 15 Jul 2012 17:28:25 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use 1% barley in wheat crops for corn buntingsWe have found no studies investigating the impact of adding barley to wheat on corn bunting Miliaria calandra populations.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F212https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F212Mon, 16 Jul 2012 17:48:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘mussel socks’ to prevent birds from attacking shellfishA randomised, replicated controlled experiment in Canada found that fewer medium-sized mussels were taken from mussel socks with a protective ‘sleeve’, compared to un-sleeved socks. There were no differences for small or large mussels. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F250https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F250Wed, 18 Jul 2012 12:11:31 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Turn deck lights off during night-time setting of longlines to reduce bycatchA single replicated and controlled study in the South Atlantic found significantly lower bycatch rates when deck lights were turned off during line setting at night. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F284https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F284Tue, 24 Jul 2012 14:11:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use a water cannon when setting longlines to reduce seabird bycatch We found no evidence for the effects on seabird bycatch rates of using water cannon when setting longlines. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this actionCollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F287https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F287Tue, 24 Jul 2012 16:27:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use a line shooter to reduce seabird bycatch A randomised, replicated and controlled trial from a pelagic fishery in the North Pacific found significantly higher seabird bycatch when a line shooter was used to set longlines. A second randomised, replicated and controlled trial (from Norway), found no effect of a line shooter on bycatch rates. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F290https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F290Tue, 24 Jul 2012 16:47:45 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use bait throwers to reduce seabird bycatchA study from Australia found significantly lower seabird bycatch on longlines set with a bait thrower. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F291https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F291Tue, 24 Jul 2012 16:50:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use a sonic scarer when setting longlines to reduce seabird bycatchA single study from the South Atlantic found that seabird bycatch rates did not appear to be lower on longlines set with a sonic scarer, and that changes in seabird behaviour due to the scarer were only temporary. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F295https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F295Tue, 24 Jul 2012 16:59:51 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use acoustic alerts on gillnets to reduce seabird bycatchA repeated, randomised and controlled trial in the USA found that sonic alerts reduced the number of common guillemots Uria aalge but not rhinoceros auklets Cerorhinca monocerata caught in gillnets. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F301https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F301Tue, 24 Jul 2012 18:02:45 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Treat wetlands with herbicideThree of four studies, one replicated and controlled, found that numbers of terns, American coot and waders were found at higher densities on wetland areas sprayed with herbicide, compared to unsprayed areas. However, one study found that wader numbers were not as high as on ploughed areas. One replicated and controlled study found that songbird densities were lower on sprayed than unsprayed areas. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F347https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F347Sun, 29 Jul 2012 14:26:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use artificial nests that discourage predation Three trials in North America found lower predation or higher nesting success of wildfowl in nest boxes or nesting ‘tubs’ than natural nests in tree cavities or on the ground. A trial in captivity found that raccoons could be prevented from entering nest boxes if they were topped with a metal cone with a 7.6 cm overhang and the distance between entrance hole and the roof was increased from 30 to 60 cm. A replicated study in the USA found that fewer woods duck Aix sponsa used nest boxes with predator guards on when given the choice of unaltered boxes, but that both designs were used with equal frequency when only one design was available. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F402https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F402Thu, 16 Aug 2012 14:40:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘cat curfews’ to reduce predation We found no evidence for the effects of ‘cat curfews’ on bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F412https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F412Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:18:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use aversive conditioning to reduce nest predation by avian predators Five studies from the USA and Europe found reductions in consumption of eggs treated with various chemicals. A further ex situ study from the USA found that American kestrels Falco sparverius consumed fewer chicks when they were treated, but not to the point of losing body condition. Three studies from the USA found some evidence that treating eggs with some chemicals may have reduced predation of eggs after treatment stopped, or of untreated eggs, although two of these were only short term experiments and the third found that the effect was lost after a year. Four studies from the Europe and the USA found no evidence for conditioning, or a reduction in predation of wild (untreated) eggs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F418https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F418Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:50:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use aversive conditioning to reduce nest predation by mammalian predators One study from the USA and three ex situ experiments found evidence for lower consumption of eggs treated with repellent chemicals. However, when untreated eggs were provided simultaneously with or after treated eggs, no studies found evidence for continued lower predation. I.e. aversive conditioning did not occur. In addition, a study from the USA found no effect of repellent chemicals on predation rates of genuine nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F419https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F419Fri, 17 Aug 2012 16:10:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Turn off lights to reduce mortality from artificial lightsA before-and-after study from the UK found that fewer seabirds (Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus, European storm petrels Hydrobates pelagicus and Leach’s storm petrels Oceanodroma leucorhoa) were attracted to artificial lighting and downed when lighting was reduced at night, compared to when normal lighting was in place. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F467https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F467Wed, 29 Aug 2012 16:24:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use artificial visual and auditory stimuli to induce breeding in wild populationsA single small study from the British Virgin Islands found that there was an increase in breeding behaviour in a small population of Caribbean flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber following the introduction of visual and auditory stimulants. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F475https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F475Thu, 30 Aug 2012 12:52:00 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate wildfowl Three studies of two duck translocation programmes in New Zealand and Hawaii found high post-release survival, breeding and the successful establishment of new populations. A replicated study in USA found that none of 391 blue-winged teal Querquedula discors stayed in the release site and that there was high mortality after release. A replicated, controlled study in the USA found that wing-clipping female wood ducks Aix sponsa during translocation prevented them from abandoning their ducklings. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F571https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F571Sun, 30 Sep 2012 13:18:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate woodpeckers All five translocation programmes studied were for red-cockaded woodpeckers Picoides borealis in the southern USA. Six studies of four programmes found that >50% of translocated birds remained in their new sites, with two studies of the same programme reporting a large population increase. Birds from four programmes were reported as forming pairs or breeding, although some translocated pairs split up and some translocated nestlings were abandoned. One study found that translocated nestlings fledged at similar rates to native chicks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F577https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F577Sun, 30 Sep 2012 14:34:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate songbirds Nine studies from across the world, including a review of 31 translocation attempts in New Zealand found that translocations led to the establishment of songbird populations. The review found that 79% and 100% of translocation programmes for saddlebacks Philesturnus carunculatus and New Zealand robins Petroica australis, respectively, were successful in establishing populations. Eight of the studies were from islands, mostly following predator removal. Three studies from Zimbabwe, New Zealand and the USA report on three translocation programmes that failed to establish populations. A methodological paper found that the nesting success of saddlebacks decreased as the latitudinal difference between source area and release site increased. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F580https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F580Sat, 06 Oct 2012 12:49:36 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use artificial insemination in captive breeding A review of artificial insemination argued that it could be a useful tool to conservationists, but that there were challenges to its use. Deep and repeated inseminations increased fertility. Two trials from the USA found that artificial insemination of raptors achieved approximately 50% fertility or 0%. A review of a houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii captive breeding programme in Saudi Arabia found that artificial insemination increased fertility, whilst another review found that the highest fertility levels were achieved with inseminations of at least 10 million spermatozoa every 4–5 days. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F601https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F601Sat, 13 Oct 2012 16:16:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use appropriate populations to source released populations A replicated study from Sweden and a small study from France found that birds sourced from populations distant from where they were released were less successful than birds from the area. In Sweden, released white storks Ciconia ciconia from North Africa produced fewer than half the chicks as those that naturally re-colonised, whilst both studies found that storks and little bustards Tetrax tetrax were less likely to migrate than birds originating in the release area. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F631https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F631Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:16:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘anti-predator training’ to improve survival after release A review from Pakistan and a small trial from Saudi Arabia found that pheasants and bustards had higher survival after release, when given pre-release predator training, compared to birds without training, many of which were predated. The Saudi Arabian study found that introducing a model fox (as opposed to a live predator) to cages did not increase post-release survival. Introducing a live fox to the cage increased post-release survival more than other techniques used. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F637https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F637Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:49:41 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘flying training’ before releaseA replicated study from the Dominican Republic found that captive-reared Hispaniolan parrots Amazona ventralis had higher initial survival if they were given pre-release predator training, although this difference was not present a year after release.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F638https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F638Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:51:20 +0100