Mangrove expansion and population structure at a planted site, East London, South Africa
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Published source details
Hoppe-Speer S.C., Adams J.B. & Rajkaran A. (2015) Mangrove expansion and population structure at a planted site, East London, South Africa. Southern Forests, 77, 131-139.
Published source details Hoppe-Speer S.C., Adams J.B. & Rajkaran A. (2015) Mangrove expansion and population structure at a planted site, East London, South Africa. Southern Forests, 77, 131-139.
Actions
This study is summarised as evidence for the following.
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Restore/create brackish/saline swamps in areas that will be climatically suitable in the future Action Link |
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Directly plant trees/shrubs: brackish/saline wetlands Action Link |
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Restore/create brackish/saline swamps in areas that will be climatically suitable in the future
A before-and-after study in 1969–2011 in an estuary in South Africa (Hoppe-Speer et al. 2015) reported that over 42 years after planting mangrove trees just outside their current range, the area of mangrove vegetation increased. Before planting, there were no mangroves present in the estuary. In the year after planting (1970), mangrove forests could not be identified on aerial photographs. Forty-two years after planting (2011), mangrove forests had established and covered 1.6 ha. Although mangroves encroached into and replaced existing salt marshes, the area of salt marsh in the estuary actually increased slightly over time (1970: 2.9 ha; 2011: 3.1 ha). Salt marshes developed on newly deposited sediment. Methods: In 1969, twenty-five grey mangrove Avicennia marina trees (age unclear) were planted into salt marsh in the Nahoon Estuary. This site is 60 km south of naturally occurring mangrove forests in South Africa. “A few” mangrove trees of other species were planted “a few” years later. The area of mangrove forest and salt marsh in the estuary was determined from aerial photographs (taken 1970–2004), satellite images (taken 2004–2010) and field surveys (2011).
(Summarised by: Nigel Taylor)
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Directly plant trees/shrubs: brackish/saline wetlands
A before-and-after study in 1969–2011 in an estuary in South Africa (Hoppe-Speer et al. 2015) reported that over 42 years after planting mangrove trees, the area of mangrove vegetation increased. Before planting, there were no mangroves present in the estuary. In the year after planting (1970), mangrove forests could not be identified on aerial photographs. Forty-two years after planting (2011), mangrove forests had established and covered 1.6 ha. Although mangroves encroached into and replaced existing salt marshes, the area of salt marsh in the estuary actually increased slightly over time (1970: 2.9 ha; 2011: 3.1 ha). Salt marshes developed on newly deposited sediment. Methods: In 1969, twenty-five grey mangrove Avicennia marina trees (age unclear) were planted into salt marsh in the Nahoon Estuary. This site is 60 km south of naturally occurring mangrove forests in South Africa. “A few” mangrove trees of other species were planted “a few” years later. The area of mangrove forest and salt marsh in the estuary was determined from aerial photographs (taken 1970–2004), satellite images (taken 2004–2010) and field surveys (2011).
(Summarised by: Nigel Taylor)
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