Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania
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Published source details
deCalesta D.S. (1994) Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management, 58, 711-718.
Published source details deCalesta D.S. (1994) Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management, 58, 711-718.
Actions
This study is summarised as evidence for the following.
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Reduce adverse habitat alterations by excluding problematic terrestrial species Action Link |
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Reduce adverse habitat alterations by excluding problematic terrestrial species
A replicated study in four hardwood forest sites in Pennsylvania, USA, between 1980 and 1991 (deCaslesta 1994) found higher species richness and abundances of intermediate canopy-nesting songbirds in plots with lower densities of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus across sixteen experimental plots (deer density of 3.7 deer/km2: averages of 17.5 individuals and 11 intermediate canopy-nesting species in each plot; 7.9 deer/km2: 16 individuals and 11.5 intermediate canopy-nesting species; 14.9 deer/km2: averages of 13 individuals and seven ICN species; 24.9 deer/km2: averages of 10.5 individuals and 7.5 intermediate canopy-nesting species). Plots were 13 or 26 ha and contained between one and four deer. There were no changes in either species richness or abundance of ground-nesting or upper canopy-nesting species. Threshold densities for songbirds not found with high deer densities (eastern wood pewee Contopus virens, indigo bunting Passerina cyanea, least flycatcher Empidonax minimus, yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, cerulean warbler Dendroica cerulea, eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe and American robin Turdus migratorius) appeared to be between 7.9 and 14.9 deer/km2.
Output references
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