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Unsprayed field margins: effects on environment, biodiversity and agricultural practice

Based on: de Snoo G.R. (1999)

Unsprayed field margins - what are we trying to achieve?

Based on: de Snoo G.R. & Chaney K. (1999)

Unpalatable plants facilitate tree sapling survival in wooded pastures

Based on: Smit C., Den Ouden J. & Müller-Schärer H. (2006)

Unmown refuge areas and their influence on the survival of grassland birds in the Saône valley (France)

Based on: Broyer J. (2003)

Unmanned aerial vehicles mitigate human–elephant conflict on the borders of Tanzanian Parks: a case study

Based on: Hahn N., Mwakatobe A., Konuche J., de Souza N., Keyyu J., Goss M., Chang'a A., Palminteri S., Dinerstein E. & Olson D. (2017)

Unlikely remedy: fungicide clears infection from pathogenic fungus in larval southern leopard frogs (Lithobates sphenocephalus)

Based on: Hanlon S.M., Kerby J.L. & Parris M.J. (2012)

United Utilities Sustainable Catchment Management Programme Volume 3: The Restoration of Highly Degraded Blanket Bog

Based on: Anderson P., Worrall P., Ross S., Hammond G. & Keen A. (2011)

Ungulate relative abundance in hunted and non-hunted sites in Calakmul Forest (Southern Mexico)

Based on: Reyna-Hurtado R. & Tanner G.W. (2007)

Unexpected ecological effects of distributing the exotic weevil, Larinus planus (F.), for the biological control of Canada thistle

Based on: Louda S.M. & O’Brien C.W. (2002)

Unexpected ecological effects of distributing the exotic weevil, Larinus planus (F.), for the biological control of Canada thistle

Based on: Louda S.M. & O’Brien C.W. (2002)

Unexpected consequences of reintroductions: competition between reintroduced red deer and Apennine chamois

Based on: Lovari S., Ferretti F., Corazza M., Minder I., Troiani N., Ferrari C. & Saddi A. (2014)

Understory vegetation response after 30 years of interval prescribed burning in two ponderosa pine sites in northern Arizona, USA

Based on: Scudieri C.A., Sieg C.H., Haase S.M., Thode A.E. & Sackett S.S. (2010)

Understory responses to fire and artificial seeding in an eastern Cascades Abies grandis forest, USA

Based on: Schoennagel T.L. & Waller D.M. (1999)

Understory response to repeated thinning in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon

Based on: Berger C.A., Puettmann K.J. & McKenna J. (2012)

Understory response to management treatments in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests

Based on: Griffis K.L., Crawford J.A., Wagner M.R. & Moir W. (2001)

Understory plant species composition 30–50 years after clearcutting in southeastern Wyoming coniferous forests

Based on: Selmants P.C. & Knight D.H. (2003)

Understory plant responses to uneven-aged forestry alternatives in northern hardwood-conifer forests

Based on: Smith K.J., Keeton W.S., Twery M.J. & Tobi D.R. (2008)

Understory plant community responses to hazardous fuels reduction treatments in pinyon-juniper woodlands of Arizona, USA

Based on: Huffman D., Stoddard M., Springer J., Crouse J. & Chancellor W. (2013)

Understory plant communities of boreal mixedwood forests in western Canada: natural patterns and response to variable-retention harvesting

Based on: Macdonald S.E. & Fenniak T.E. (2007)

Understory dynamics in cut and uncut western juniper woodlands

Based on: Bates J.D., Miller R.F. & Svejcar T.J. (2000)

Understory abundance, species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning in coniferous stands

Based on: Ares A., Neill A.R. & Puettmann K.J. (2010)

Understorey plant and soil responses to disturbance and increased nitrogen in boreal forests

Based on: Manninen O., Stark S., Kytöviita M., Lampinen L. & Tolvanen A. (2009)

Understanding unexpected reintroduction outcomes: Why aren't European bison colonizing suitable habitat in the Carpathians?

Based on: Ziółkowska E., Perzanowski K., Bleyhl B., Ostapowicz K. & Kuemmerle T. (2016)

Understanding the release efficiency of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from trawls with a square mesh panel: effects of panel area, panel position, and stimulation of escape response

Based on: Herrmann B., Wienbeck H., Karlsen J.D., Stepputtis D., Dahm E. & Moderhak W. (2015)

Understanding the demographic mechanisms underlying effective deployment of winter prescriptions for farmland bird recovery. BD1628

Based on: Defra (2007)