Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Ensure connectivity between habitat patches A replicated, controlled study in Canada found significantly higher abundances of some birds, but not forest specialists, in forest patches connected to a continuous area of forest, than in isolated patches. Another study of the same system found evidence that corridors were used by some bird species more than clearcuts between patches, although corridors near cut forest were not used more than those near uncut stands. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F160https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F160Tue, 15 May 2012 14:47:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Enhance bird taxonomy skills through higher education and training We found no evidence for the effects of enhancing bird taxonomy skills on bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F164https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F164Sat, 19 May 2012 20:10:32 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Food labelling schemes relating to biodiversity-friendly farming We captured no evidence for the effects of food labelling schemes on bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F170https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F170Sun, 20 May 2012 13:07:59 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude grazers from semi-natural habitats Two replicated (one controlled) studies from the USA found higher species richnesses on sites with grazers excluded; a replicated and controlled study from Argentina found lower species richness in ungrazed sites and a study from the USA found no difference. Seven studies from the USA (three controlled, two replicated) found that overall bird abundance, or the abundances of some species were higher in sites with grazers excluded; seven studies from the USA and Argentina found that overall abundance or the abundances of some species were lower on sites without grazers, or did not differ between treatments. Three studies from the USA investigated productivity and found it higher in sites with grazers excluded. In one study this difference was only found on improved, not unimproved pastures. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F236https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F236Tue, 17 Jul 2012 15:59:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Fertilize artificial grasslands We captured four studies examining the impacts of fertilizing grasslands, all from the UK and investigating grazing by geese Anser and Branta spp. Two studies found that more geese grazed on areas that were fertilised compared with control areas. Two studies found that cut and fertilised areas were used more than control areas. One study found that fertilised areas were used less than re-seeded grasslands. One study found that fertilisation affected grazing at applications of 50 kg N/ha, but not 18 kg N/ha. One study found that grazing rates only increased with applications of up to 80 kg.N/ha. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F353https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F353Sun, 29 Jul 2012 16:06:25 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Guard nests to prevent predation We found no evidence on the effects of guarding nests to prevent predation for bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F411https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F411Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:16:58 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude or control ‘reservoir species’ to reduce parasite burdens A literature review found no compelling evidence that culling mountain hares Lepus timidus (a carrier of the ticks that carry louping ill virus) increased red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus populations. A controlled before-and-after study from the UK did find that there was a significant increase in chick production on grouse moors with hare culling, compared to control sites but no change in population density. A comment on this paper argued that the controls used in it were not adequate. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F435https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F435Wed, 22 Aug 2012 15:02:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Guard nests to increase nest success A before-and-after study from Costa Rica found an increase in scarlet macaw Ara macau population following the monitoring of nests, along with several other interventions. Two studies from Puerto Rico and New Zealand found that parrot nest success was higher or mortality reduced or nest success higher with intensive monitoring of nests, ompared to periods without monitoring. A study from New Zealand also found high overall nest success when nests were monitored. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F506https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F506Thu, 06 Sep 2012 14:12:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of gannets and boobies with wild conspecificsA small controlled study in Australia found that Australasian gannet chicks Morus serrator were lighter, and hatching and fledging success lower in nests which had an additional egg or chick added. However, overall productivity was (non-significantly) higher in experimental nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F507https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F507Thu, 06 Sep 2012 14:17:32 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of waders with wild conspecifics Two small trials in North America found that piping plovers Charadrius melodus accepted chicks introduced into their broods, although in one case the chick died later the same day. A replicated study from New Zealand found that survival of fostered black stilts Himantopus novasezelandiae was higher for birds fostered to conspecifics rather than a closely related species. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F508https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F508Thu, 06 Sep 2012 14:30:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of vultures with wild conspecificsTwo small studies, one a New World vulture and one of an Old World species found that single chicks were successfully adopted by foster conspecifics, although in one case this led to the death of one of the foster parents’ chicks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F509https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F509Thu, 06 Sep 2012 14:34:30 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of raptors with wild conspecifics Ten out of 11 studies from across the world found that fostering raptor chicks to wild conspecifics had high success rates. A single study from the USA found that only one of six eggs fostered to wild bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus nests were hatched and raised. The authors suggest that the other eggs may have been infertile. A replicated study from Spain found that Spanish imperial eagle Aquila adalberti chicks were no more likely to survive to fledging if they were transferred to foster nests from three chick broods (at high risk from siblicide), compared to chicks left in three-chick broods. A replicated study from Spain found that young (15–20 years old) Montagu's harrier Circus pygargus chicks were successfully adopted, but three older (27–29 day old) chicks were rejected. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F510https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F510Thu, 06 Sep 2012 14:42:31 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of owls with wild conspecifics A replicated study in the USA found high fledging rates for barn owl Tyto alba chicks fostered to wild pairs. A replicated controlled study from Canada found that captive-reared burrowing owl Athene cunicularia chicks fostered to wild nests did not have significantly lower survival or growth rates than wild chicks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F511https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F511Thu, 06 Sep 2012 15:57:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of cranes with wild conspecificsA small study in Canada found high rates of fledging for whooping crane Grus americana eggs fostered to first time breeders (which normally have very low fertility). Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F512https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F512Thu, 06 Sep 2012 16:13:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of bustards with wild conspecificsA small study in Saudi Arabia found that a captive-bred egg was successfully fostered to a female in the wild. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F513https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F513Thu, 06 Sep 2012 16:18:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of woodpeckers with wild conspecifics Three studies from the USA found that red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis chicks fostered to conspecifics had high fledging rates. One small study found that fostered chicks survived better than chicks translocated with their parents. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F514https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F514Thu, 06 Sep 2012 16:29:20 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of parrots with wild conspecifics A replicated study from Venezuela found that yellow-shouldered Amazon Amazona barbadensis chicks had high fledging rates when fostered to conspecific nests in the wild. A second replicated study from Venezuela found significantly lower poaching rates of yellow-shouldered Amazons Amazona barbadensis when chicks were moved to foster nests closer to a field base. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F515https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F515Thu, 06 Sep 2012 16:34:58 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of petrels and shearwaters with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering)A replicated and partially controlled study from Hawaii found that Newell’s shearwater Puffinus newelli eggs fostered to wedge-tailed shearwater P. pacificus nests had high fledging rates. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F516https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F516Thu, 06 Sep 2012 16:54:21 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of waders with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) A replicated and controlled study from the USA found that killdeer Charadrius vociferus eggs incubated and raised by spotted sandpipers Actitis macularia had similar fledging rates to parent-reared birds. A replicated and controlled study from New Zealand found that cross-fostering black stilt Himantopus novasezelandiae chicks to black-winged stilt H. himantopus nests significantly increased nest success, but that cross-fostered chicks had lower success than chicks fostered to conspecifics’ nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F517https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F517Thu, 06 Sep 2012 17:03:55 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of ibises with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering)A 2007 literature review describes attempting to foster northern bald ibis Geronticus eremite chicks with cattle egrets Bubulcus ibis as unsuccessful. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F518https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F518Thu, 06 Sep 2012 17:07:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of cranes with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering)Two studies from the USA found low fledging success for cranes fostered to non-conspecifics’ nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F519https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F519Thu, 06 Sep 2012 17:13:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Foster eggs or chicks of songbirds with wild non-conspecifics (cross-fostering) A replicated study from the USA found that the survival of cross-fostered yellow warbler Dendroica petechia chicks was lower than previously-published rates for the species, although incubation and nestling periods were very similar. A replicated and controlled study from Norway found that the success of cross-fostering small songbirds varied depending on the species of chick and foster birds. However, only great tits P. major raised by blue tits P. caeruleus had lower pairing success than control birds, whilst blue tits raised by coal tits P. ater had higher recruitment than controls, or those raised by great tits. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F520Thu, 06 Sep 2012 17:37:20 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Ensure translocated birds are familiar with each other before releaseTwo controlled trials from New Zealand found no evidence that translocating birds which were familiar with each other was more likely to succeed than translocating unfamiliar birds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F582https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F582Sat, 06 Oct 2012 21:23:28 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Ensure genetic variation to increase translocation success We did not find any studies on the effects of ensuring genetic variation in translocated birds. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F583https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F583Sat, 06 Oct 2012 21:25:41 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Freeze semen for use in artificial insemination A small controlled trial in the USA found that using frozen semen for artificial insemination resulted in lower fertility in falcons, and a second small trial from the USA found that an American kestrel Falco sparverius had only 33% fertility when inseminated with frozen semen. A small trial from the USA found that fertility rates were highest when semen contained 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, a cryoprotectant), compared to semen containing 6% or 8% DMSO. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F602https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F602Sat, 13 Oct 2012 16:27:01 +0100