Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Relocate nests at harvest time to reduce nestling mortalityA replicated controlled study from Spain found that clutches that were temporarily removed from fields during harvest and then replaced had higher hatching and fledging rates than control clutches. Effects were greater on clutches that were older when moved. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F195https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F195Wed, 27 Jun 2012 17:41:59 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove earth wires to reduce incidental bird mortalityA before-and-after study and a literature review describe significant reductions in collision mortalities of cranes Grus spp. and grouse Lagopus spp. following the removal of earth wires. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F263https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F263Thu, 19 Jul 2012 13:41:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Relocate nestlings to reduce poachingA replicated before-and-after study in Venezuela found significant decreases in poaching rate and increased fledging rates of parrots after wild chicks were moved into police premises each night. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F277https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F277Tue, 24 Jul 2012 12:28:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove coarse woody debris from forests One of two replicated and controlled studies from the USA found that overall breeding bird abundance and diversity were lower in plots where woody debris was removed, compared to control plots. Several individually-analysed species showed lower abundances. A replicated, controlled before-and-after study from the USA found lower nest survival for black-chinned hummingbirds following debris removal. Some species in both studies increased after debris removal. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F345https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F345Sat, 28 Jul 2012 20:43:34 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove ectoparasites from feathers to increase survival or reproductive success A replicated and controlled study in the UK found that red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus treated with spot applications had lower tick and disease burdens and higher survival than controls, whilst birds with impregnated tags had lower tick burdens only. A replicated ex situ study in Hawaii found that CO2 was the most effective way to remove lice from feathers, although this treatment did not kill the lice. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F437https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F437Wed, 22 Aug 2012 15:30:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove ectoparasites from nests to increase survival or reproductive success Six of the seven studies that investigated infestation rates found lower rates in nests treated for ectoparasites, one (that used microwaves to treat nests) did not find fewer parasites. Two studies from the USA found higher survival or lower abandonment in nests treated for ectoparasites, whilst seven studies from across the world found no differences in survival, fledging rates or productivity between nests treated for ectoparasites and controls. Two studies from the USA and the UK found that chicks from nests treated for ectoparasites were in better condition than those from control nests. Four studies found no such effect. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F438https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F438Wed, 22 Aug 2012 18:20:13 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove brood parasite eggs from target species’ nests A controlled before-and-after study on Puerto Rico found lower rates of parasitism of yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus nests when shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis eggs were removed from nests. A replicated, controlled study from 1997-1999 in grassy fields in New York State, USA found that song sparrow Melospiza melodia nests that had cowbird eggs removed from them had lower success than nests which were parasitised and that did not have eggs removed. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F443https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F443Thu, 23 Aug 2012 15:56:54 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Relocate birds following oil spillsA replicated study in South Africa found that a higher percentage of African penguins Spheniscus demersus that were relocated following an oil spill bred at their old colonies, compared to birds which were rehabilitated after being oiled, despite fewer relocated birds being seen at their home colony. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F449https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F449Wed, 29 Aug 2012 13:27:22 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Rehabilitation of injured and treated birds Two replicated studies from the USA and UK found that 40% and 25% of raptors were released following rehabilitation. The USA study also found that 32% of owls were released. Three replicated studies from the USA all found relatively high survival of released raptors, with only 2.4% of birds being recovered (i.e. found dead, 1) and 66–68% survival over two weeks and six weeks. One study found that mortality rates were higher for owls than raptors. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F476https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F476Thu, 30 Aug 2012 13:15:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of wildfowl Two studies of reintroduction programmes of ducks in New Zealand found high survival of released birds and population establishment, with one describing successful breeding. One study describes higher success in the second year of the release programme, potentially because there was then a population present in the wild and more intensive predator control. A before-and-after study from Alaska found low survival of released cackling geese Branta hutchinsii, but that the population recovered from 1,000 to 6,000 birds after releases and the control of mammalian predators. A review of a reintroduction programme from Hawaii found that the release of 2,150 Hawaiian geese (nene) Branta sandvicensis had not resulted in the establishment of a self-sustaining population, although some birds bred. Two studies from Canada found very low return rates for released ducks with one finding no evidence for survival of released birds over two years, although there was some evidence that breeding success was higher for released birds than wild ones. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F618https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F618Sun, 14 Oct 2012 13:05:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of gamebirds One of five studies from across the world found that releasing gamebirds established a population or bolstered an existing population, although the authors argued that the population of 30–40 western capercaillie Tetrao urogallus (from nearly 400 released) was unlikely to be self-sustaining. A review of a reintroduction programme in Pakistan found some breeding success in released cheer pheasants Catreus wallichii, but that habitat change at the release site then excluded released birds. Three studies from Europe and the USA found that released birds had low survival, low reproductive success and had no impact on the wild population. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F619https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F619Sun, 14 Oct 2012 13:38:41 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of rails One replicated study from Australia found that released Lord Howe Island woodhens Tricholimnas sylvestris successfully bred in the wild, re-establishing a wild population. A replicated study from the UK found high survival of released corncrake Crex crex in the first summer (although no data were available on overwinter survival or breeding). A replicated study in New Zealand found very low survival of North Island weka Gallirallus australis greyi following release, mainly due to predation by invasive mammals. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F620https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F620Sun, 14 Oct 2012 13:58:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of cranes Four studies of five release programmes from the USA and Russia, from a total of eight programmes, found that released cranes had high survival or bred in the wild. Two studies from two release programmes in the USA found low survival of captive-bred eggs fostered to wild birds, compared with wild eggs, or a failure to increase the wild flock size. A worldwide review found that releases of migratory species only tended to be successful if birds were released into existing flocks, with higher success for non-migratory populations. One study from the USA found that birds released as sub-adults had higher survival than birds cross-fostered to wild birds. One study from the USA found that 73% of all mortalities occurred in the first year after release. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F621https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F621Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:04:41 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of bustards Three reviews of a release programme for houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii in Saudi Arabia and a replicated trial as part of the same programme found low initial survival of released birds, but the establishment of a breeding population and an overall success rate of 41%. The programme tested many different release techniques, discussed elsewhere, with releases being most successful if sub-adults were released, able to fly, into a large exclosure. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F622https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F622Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:23:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of wadersA review of black stilt Himantopus novaezelandiae releases in New Zealand found that birds had low survival (13–20%) and many moved away from their release sites so, in consequence, that they could not be managed and were unlikely to interact with stilt populations in the wild. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F623https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F623Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:32:46 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of storks and ibisesA replicated study and a review of northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita release programmes in Europe and the Middle East found that only one of four had resulted in a wild population being established or supported, with many birds dying or dispersing, rather than forming stable colonies. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F624https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F624Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:38:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of vultures Four studies of two release programmes found that release programmes led to large population increases in Andean condors Vultur gryphus in Colombia and griffon vultures Gyps fulvus in France. A small study in Peru found high survival of released Andean condors Vultur gryphus over 18 months, with all fatalities occurring in the first six months after release. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F625https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F625Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:40:59 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of raptors Five studies of three release programmes from across the world found the establishment or increase of wild populations of falcons Falco spp. Five studies from the USA found high survival of released raptors (with between one and 204 birds released), whilst two found that released birds behaved normally and hunted successfully. One study from Australia found that a wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax had to be taken back into captivity after acting aggressively towards humans, whilst another Australian study found that only one of 15 brown goshawks Accipiter fasciatus released was recovered, although the authors do not draw conclusions about survival rates from this. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F626https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F626Sun, 14 Oct 2012 14:54:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of owls A study in the USA found that a barn owl Tyto alba population was established following the release of 157 birds in the area over three years. A replicated, controlled study in Canada found that released burrowing owls Athene cunicularia had similar reproductive output, but higher mortality than wild birds, and no released birds returned after migration, although return rates for released birds’ offspring were no different from wild birds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F627https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F627Sun, 14 Oct 2012 22:47:34 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of pigeonsA single review of a captive-release programme in Mauritius found that that released pink pigeons Nesoenas mayeri had a first year survival of 36%. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F628https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F628Sun, 14 Oct 2012 22:54:33 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of parrots A before-and-after study from Venezuela found that the local population of yellow-shouldered amazons Amazona barbadensis increased significantly following the release of captive-bred birds, along with other interventions. A replicated study in Costa Rica and Peru found high survival and some breeding of scarlet macaw Ara macao after release. Three replicated studies in the USA, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico found low survival in released birds (4–41% in the first year after release), although the Puerto Rican study also found that released birds bred successfully. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F629https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F629Sun, 14 Oct 2012 22:56:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release captive-bred individuals into the wild to restore or augment wild populations of songbirds A before-and-after study in Mauritius describes the establishment of a population of Mauritius fody Foudia rubra following the release of captive-bred individuals. Four studies of three release programmes on Hawaii found high survival of all three species released (Hawaiian crows Corvus hawaiiensis and two thrushes: omao Myadestes obscurus and puaiohi M. palmeri), with the two thrushes successfully breeding. The authors in one note that many of the released puaiohi dispersed from the release site, meaning that repopulating specific areas may require multiple releases. A replicated, controlled study from the USA found that San Clemente loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi pairs with captive-bred females had lower reproductive success than pairs where both parents were wild-bred. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F630https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F630Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:05:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release birds in groupsA replicated study from New Zealand found that released black stilts Himantopus novaezelandiae were more likely to move long distances after release if they were released in larger groups. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F634https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F634Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:34:47 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release birds in ‘coveys’ A replicated study in Saudi Arabia found that houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii survival was low when chicks were released in coveys with flightless females. A review of cackling goose Branta hutchinsii conservation and a replicated study in England found that geese and grey partridge Perdix perdix releases were more successful for birds released in coveys than for young birds released on their own or adults released in pairs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F635https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F635Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:35:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Release birds as adults or sub-adults, not juveniles Three replicated studies found that malleefowl Leipoa ocellata, houbara bustards Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii and cackling geese Branta hutchinsii released as sub-adults, not juveniles had higher survival rates. A replicated study from New Zealand found lower survival for black stilts Himantopus novaezelandiae released as sub-adults, compared with juveniles. Two replicated studies from Hawaii and Saudi Arabia found lower survival for Hawaiian geese Branta sandvicensis and bustards released as wing-clipped sub-adults, compared with birds released as juveniles. Three replicated studies found no differences in survival between ducks, vultures and ibises released at different ages, but a second study of the vulture release programme found that birds released when more than three years old had lower reproductive success than birds released at an earlier stage. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F636https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F636Sun, 14 Oct 2012 23:39:47 +0100