Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use thinning followed by prescribed fire Three of six studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled study) in the USA found that thinning followed by prescribed burning increased cover and abundance1 of understory plants as well as the density of deciduous trees. One study found that thinning then burning decreased trees density and species richness. Three studies found no effect or mixed effects of thinning followed by burning on tree growth rate and density of young trees. One replicated, controlled study Australia found no effect of thinning followed by burning on the genetic diversity of black ash. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1227https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1227Mon, 23 May 2016 10:38:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Mechanically/manually remove invasive plants One replicated, controlled study in Hawaii found that removal of invasive grass species increased understory plant biomass. One replicated, controlled study in the USA found no effect of invasive shrub removal on understory plant diversity. One replicated, controlled study in Ghana found that removal of invasive weed species increased tree seedling height. One replicated, controlled study in Hawaii found no effect of invasive plant removal on growth rate of native species. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1228https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1228Mon, 23 May 2016 10:45:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use herbicides to control invasive plant species One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found no effect of invasive plant control using herbicide on the total native plant species richness. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1229https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1229Mon, 23 May 2016 10:52:27 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use wire fencing to exclude large native herbivores Five of ten studies (including two replicated, randomized, controlled studies) in Australia, Bhutan, Canada, France, Portugal and the USA found that using wire fencing to exclude large herbivores increased the cover and size of understory plants. Six studies found no effect of wire fencing on the cover, seed density, species richness or diversity of understory plants. Two of the above studies and one paired-sites study in Ireland examined the effect of using wire fencing to exclude large herbivores on young trees. One found it increased the biomass, one found it decreased the density of young trees and one found mixed effects depending on the species. Two replicated, controlled studies in the USA found that using wire fencing to exclude large herbivores increased tree density. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1230https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1230Mon, 23 May 2016 10:55:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use electric fencing to exclude large native herbivores One controlled study in South Africa found that using electric fencing to exclude elephants and nyalas increased tree density. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1231https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1231Mon, 23 May 2016 11:15:59 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Control rodents One controlled study in New Zealand1 found that rodent control decreased native plant species richness and did not affect total plant species richness. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1232https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1232Mon, 23 May 2016 11:19:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Legal protection of forests Two site comparison studies in Nigeria and Iran found that legal protection of forest increased tree species richness and diversity and the density of young trees. One replicated, paired site study in Mexico found no effect of forest protection on seed density and diversity of trees and shrubs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1233https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1233Mon, 23 May 2016 11:25:48 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Thin trees after wildfire Five replicated, controlled studies examined the effects of thinning trees in burnt forest areas. Two studies in Spain found that thinning increased plant species richness. One in Canada found that it increased the cover of aspen saplings. One study in the USA found thinning decreased plant biomass and one in Israel found it decreased mortality of pine seedlings. One paired-site study in Canada found that logging after wildfire decreased species richness and diversity of mosses. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1234https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1234Thu, 02 Jun 2016 14:31:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plant trees after wildfire We found no evidence for the effects of planting trees after wildfire on forests. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1235https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1235Fri, 03 Jun 2016 08:29:53 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Sow tree seeds after wildfire Three studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled study) in the USA examined the effect of sowing herbaceous plant seeds in burnt forest areas. One found it decreased the number and cover of native species and one found it decreased the density of tree seedlings. All three found no effect of seeding on total plant cover or species richness. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1236https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1236Fri, 03 Jun 2016 08:34:24 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove burned trees One replicated, controlled study in Israel1 found that removing burned trees increased total plant species richness. One replicated, controlled study in Spain2 found that removal increased the cover and species richness of some plant species. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1237https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1237Fri, 03 Jun 2016 08:52:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use selective thinning after restoration planting One replicated, paired sites study in Canada found that selective thinning after restoration planting conifers increased the abundance of herbaceous species and decreased the abundance of trees. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1238https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1238Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:16:54 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Cover the ground with plastic mats after restoration planting One replicated study in Canada found that covering the ground with plastic mats after restoration planting decreased the cover of herbecous plants and grasses. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1239https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1239Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:35:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Cover the ground using techniques other than plastic mats after restoration planting One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that covering the ground with mulch after planting increased total plant cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1240https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1240Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:38:37 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicides after restoration planting One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that controlling vegetation using herbicides after restoration planting decreased plant species richness and diversity. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1241https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1241Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:52:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Water plants to preserve dry tropical forest species One replicated, controlled study in Hawaii found that watering plants increased the abundance and biomass of forest plants. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1242https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1242Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:55:53 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plant a mixture of tree species to enhance diversity One replicated, randomized, controlled study in Brazil found that planting various tree species increased species richness, but had no effect on the density of new trees. One replicated, controlled study in Greece found that planting native tree species increased total plant species richness, diversity and cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1243https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1243Fri, 03 Jun 2016 10:43:27 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Sow tree seeds One replicated, randomized, controlled, before-and-after study in Brazil found that sowing tree seeds increased the density and species richness of new trees. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1244https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1244Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:02:33 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Build bird-perches to enhance natural seed dispersal One replicated, randomized, controlled study in Brazil found that building perches for birds increased species richness and abundance of new tree seedlings. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1245https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1245Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:06:15 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove or disturb leaf litter to enhance germination One replicated, controlled study in Costa Rica found that leaf litter removal decreased the density of new tree seedlings. One replicated, controlled study in Poland found leaf litter removal increased understory plant species richness but decreased their cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1246https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1246Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:07:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use fertilizer Six of eight studies (including five replicated, randomized, controlled) in the USA, Finland, Brazil, Australia and Switzerland found that applying fertilizer increased total plant cover, understory plant biomass , size of young trees, relative biomass of grasses (out of total biomass of all plants) and cover of plant species that were seeded artificially. Five of the studies found no effect of applying fertilizer on plant biomass, plant cover, seedling abundance, tree growth and tree seedling diversity. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1248https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1248Fri, 03 Jun 2016 11:30:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Add lime to the soil to increase fertility One replicated, randomized controlled study in the USA found that adding lime increased vegetation cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1249https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1249Fri, 03 Jun 2016 12:48:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Add organic matter One replicated, randomized, controlled study in Brazil found that leaf litter addition increased species richness of young trees. One replicated, controlled study in Costa Rica found leaf litter addition decreased young tree density in artificial forest gaps. Both studies found no effect of litter addition on the density of tree regenerations under intact forest canopy. One replicated, controlled study in Portugal found that adding plant material to the soil surface increased total plant cover. One replicated, controlled study in the USA found mixed effects on cover depending on understory plant group. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1250https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1250Fri, 03 Jun 2016 12:51:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use soil scarification or ploughing to enhance germination Two studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled study) in Portugal and the USA found that ploughing increased the cover and diversity of understory plants. Two of three studies (including two replicated, randomized, controlled) in Canada and Brazil found that ploughing increased, and one found it decreased the density of young trees. Two replicated, controlled studies in Ethiopia and Sweden found mixed effects of tilling on different tree species. One replicated, before-and-after trial in Finland found that ploughing decreased the cover of plants living on wood surface. One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that ploughing did not decrease the spreading distance and density of invasive grass seedlings. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1251https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1251Fri, 03 Jun 2016 13:09:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use soil disturbance to enhance germination (excluding scarification or ploughing) Two replicated, controlled studies from Canada and Finland found that disturbance of the forest floor decreased understory vegetation cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1252https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1252Fri, 03 Jun 2016 13:50:07 +0100