Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Protect individual nests of ground-nesting birds Two replicated, randomized, controlled studies from Sweden found providing nest exclosures offered some benefits to ground-nesting birds. One study found that protected nests had higher average daily survival rates than unprotected nests for both common redshank and northern lapwing, however, this study also reported higher predation of adult redshank on protected nests. One study found that the average hatching rate for southern dunlin was higher for protected rather than unprotected nests. This study also found no difference in the number of fledglings, breeding adults or new recruits during two periods with and without nest protection. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F108https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F108Mon, 24 Oct 2011 22:04:47 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove flood defence banks to allow inundation One controlled before-and-after study from the UK found more bird territories and species on a stretch of river modified to allow inundation of river edges compared to a channelized section of river. One study from Belgium found that a combination of mowing and flooding resulted in increased plant species richness in meadow plots, but infrequently flooded, mown plots had more plant species than frequently flooded, non-mown plots. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F122https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F122Tue, 01 Nov 2011 21:17:40 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Add yellow rattle seed Rhinanthus minor to hay meadows A review of studies from the UK found that adding hay rattle seed helped other sown target meadow species to colonize and that more plant species were found when yellow rattle was present. A randomized, replicated controlled trial in the UK found that yellow rattle could be established on a pasture field by ‘slot seeding’. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F129https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F129Mon, 14 Nov 2011 21:56:48 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Implement 'mosaic management', a Dutch agri-environment option A replicated, controlled, before-and-after study from the Netherlands found that northern lapwing population trends changed from decreases to increases following the introduction of mosaic management. Three other species of wading bird did not show such a response and Eurasian oystercatcher populations did less well under mosaic management than other management types. A replicated, paired sites study in the Netherlands that black-tailed godwit had higher productivity under mosaic management than other management types due to higher nest survival, and nests were less likely to be trampled by livestock or destroyed by mowing under mosaic management. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F130https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F130Mon, 14 Nov 2011 22:01:50 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Manage heather, gorse or grass by burning A long-term replicated controlled trial in Switzerland found that annual spring burning of calcareous grassland did not increase plant species richness relative to abandoned plots, after 15 years. A replicated controlled trial in Northern Ireland found that heather moorland subject to a single burn had more plant species eight years after the management, than control unburned plots. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F152https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F152Sat, 14 Jan 2012 15:22:28 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Create open patches or strips in permanent grassland Two studies (both randomized, replicated and controlled) investigated the effects of creating open strips in permanent grassland. One trial from the UK found that more Eurasian skylarks used fields containing open strips, but variations in skylark numbers were too great to draw conclusions from this finding. One trial from Scotland found insect numbers in grassy headlands initially dropped when strips were cleared. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F563https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F563Tue, 25 Sep 2012 17:19:06 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Restrict certain pesticides A small scale study in the UK found that using the fungicides Propiconazole and Triadimefon reduced chick food insect abundance less than using Pyrazophos. A replicated, controlled trial in Switzerland found that applying metaldehyde slug pellets in a 50 cm band along the field edge adjacent to wildflower strips provided equivalent crop protection to broadcasting the pellets across the whole field. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F565https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F565Fri, 28 Sep 2012 15:37:14 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Sow rare or declining arable weeds Two studies from the UK (both replicated, controlled and randomized) found that the establishment of rare or declining arable weeds depended upon cover crop, cultivation, timing of cut and year or a combination of cultivation in autumn and herbicide treatment. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F642https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F642Tue, 16 Oct 2012 13:52:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Restore or create wood pasture One replicated controlled trial in Belgium found that protection from grazing enhanced the survival and growth of tree seedlings planted in pasture. One replicated study in Switzerland found that cattle browsing increased the mortality of tree saplings of four species, and reduced average shoot production and total above-ground biomass. Browsing frequency decreased with increasing height of the surrounding vegetation. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F644https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F644Wed, 17 Oct 2012 15:01:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Restore or create upland heath/moorland A small unreplicated trial of heather moorland restoration in northern England found that mowing and flail cutting along with grazing could be used to control the dominance of purple moor grass. The same study found moorland restoration benefited one bird species, with one or two pairs of northern lapwing found to breed in the area of restored moorland, where none had bred prior to restoration. A review from the UK concluded that vegetation changes took place very slowly following the removal of grazing to restore upland grassland to heather moorland. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F650https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F650Tue, 23 Oct 2012 13:03:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change the timing of ploughingTwo replicated site comparison studies from Denmark and Norway (one also randomized) found reduced soil loss and nitrate leaching when ploughing was delayed until spring. SOIL TYPES COVERED: sandy, sandy-loam, silty-clay loam. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F712https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F712Wed, 29 May 2013 10:39:46 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use of probiotics and immunostimulants One replicated study in Scotland found increased survival in salmon fed a probiotic before exposure to four different disease-causing bacteria over a 28 day period compared with controls. A replicated, controlled study in Norway found the number of salmon infected with lice was reduced by 28% when fed a diet composed of fish meal and 28% plant-based protein. Adding beta-glucans to the diet decreased lice infection levels by a further 28% compared with controls. The same study found the addition of mannan oligosaccharides improved gut function by preventing the development of soybean-induced enteritis compared with controls. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F732https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F732Mon, 03 Jun 2013 11:14:24 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use natural control agents: cleaner wrasse Two studies in Ireland found mixed effects of cleaner wrasse on sea lice numbers infesting salmon. One controlled study found corkwing and goldskinny cleaner wrasse were as effective at controlling lice infestation as chemical treatments. One replicated, controlled study found rockcook cleaner wrasse were ineffective at preventing lice outbreaks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F738https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F738Mon, 03 Jun 2013 15:28:00 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Bathe in freshwater Two studies in Australia provide mixed evidence of the effect of freshwater bathing to reducing amoebic gill disease. One study found a reduction in numbers of amoebae on salmon gills persisting for up to 10 days after bathing. One replicated, controlled study found similar levels of amoebae in the gills of treated and untreated salmon. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F739https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F739Mon, 03 Jun 2013 15:31:45 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amend the soil with bacteria or fungiBiodiversity: One randomized, replicated trial from India showed that adding soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in higher microbial diversity. Soil organic matter: One controlled, randomized, replicated trial from Turkey found increased soil organic matter content in soil under mycorrhizal-inoculated compost applications Yield: Two randomized, replicated trials (including one also controlled) from India and Turkey found higher crop yields. SOIL TYPES COVERED: clay-loam, sandy-loam. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F888https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F888Mon, 30 Sep 2013 08:41:47 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amend the soil with municipal wastes or their compostsTwo controlled, replicated trials in Spain and the United Kingdom measured the effect of adding wastes to the soil. One trial found that adding municipal compost to semi-arid soils greatly reduced soil loss and water runoff. One found mixed results of adding composts and wastes. SOIL TYPES COVERED: coarse loamy, sandy loam.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F890https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F890Mon, 30 Sep 2013 10:29:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amend the soil with organic processing wastes or their compostsTwo controlled, replicated trials from Spain and the United Kingdom (one also randomized) measured the effect of adding composts to soil. One trial found applying high rates of cotton gin compost and poultry manure improved soil structure and reduced soil loss, but increased nutrient loss. One trial found improved nutrient retention and increased barley Hordeum vulgare yield when molasses were added. SOIL TYPES COVERED: sandy-clay, sandy loam, silty-clay. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F891https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F891Mon, 30 Sep 2013 10:50:01 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amend the soil with non-chemical minerals and mineral wastesTwo replicated studies from Australia and New Zealand measured the effects of adding minerals and mineral wastes to the soil. Both found reduced nutrient loss and one study found reduced erosion. SOIL TYPES COVERED: Sandy clay, silt loam. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F892https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F892Mon, 30 Sep 2013 10:58:48 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Restore or create low input grasslandsOne randomized, replicated trial in the Netherlands and one controlled trial from France found that restoring grasslands increased the diversity of soil animals. One trial also found higher microbial biomass, activity and carbon under grassland. SOIL TYPES COVERED: sandy-loam, silty. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F905https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F905Wed, 02 Oct 2013 11:04:00 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amend the soil with crops grown as green manuresTwo controlled, randomized, replicated studies from India and Pakistan found higher soil organic carbon, or increased grain yields when green manures were grown. SOIL TYPES COVERED: Clay loam. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F908https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F908Wed, 02 Oct 2013 15:31:30 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce fish meal in diet Two replicated studies in Norway found similar final weights in salmon that were fed diets containing low, medium or high levels of fish meal. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F915https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F915Fri, 25 Oct 2013 12:26:12 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use an alternative protein source: krill Two replicated studies in Norway found similar final weight gain between salmon that were fed diets containing fish meal only or a krill meal substitute. When the krill were de-shelled, growth rates were closer to salmon fed fish meal, compared to leaving the krill whole. Feed conversion ratios were found to be similar in both the fish meal and krill meal diets. The number of aerobic bacteria in the hindgut of salmon fed fish meal and krill meal were higher and composition of the bacterial flora was different. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F916https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F916Fri, 25 Oct 2013 13:04:28 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use an alternative protein source: animal One controlled, replicated study in Canada found no difference in oxygen consumption or swimming speed of Atlantic salmon that were fed diets containing anchovy oil or alternative lipid sources. One controlled, randomised, replicated study from Scotland showed that fish fed a fishmeal diet weighed more than fish fed diets with alternative proteins. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F922https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F922Fri, 25 Oct 2013 13:16:53 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Construct artificial reefs One controlled study in the Red Sea found no difference in sediment carbon at artificial reef sites adjacent to or away from fish farms. Another publication from the same controlled study reports that the artificial reefs at both sites were colonised with various species with the potential to remove organic compounds from fish farm effluents. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F934https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F934Fri, 25 Oct 2013 14:01:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Eco friendly biofouling prevention A replicated, controlled study in Australia found silicon coated nets accumulated less biofouling organisms which could be more easily removed than untreated nets. Two replicated, controlled trials found that a temperature of 50oC prevented the settlement of actinulae and hydroids on nets Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F937https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F937Fri, 25 Oct 2013 15:24:13 +0100