Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Provide fresh produce One replicated, before-and-after study in the USA found that when fresh produce was offered instead of pellet feed more time was spent feeding and less time inactive in rhesus macaques.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1335https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1335Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:40:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Modify ingredients/nutrient composition seasonally (not daily) to reflect natural variability No evidence was captured for the effects of modifying ingredients/nutrient composition of primate feed seasonally (not daily) to reflect natural variability. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1336https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1336Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:41:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Change the number of feeds per day Two before-and-after studies in Japan and the USA found that when the number of feeds per day were increased the amount of time spent feeding increased in chimpanzees, but hair eating also increased in baboons.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1337https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1337Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:44:38 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Change feeding times One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that when chimpanzees were fed on unpredictable schedules inactivity decreased.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1338https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1338Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:46:57 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Provide food at natural (wild) feeding times No evidence was captured for the effects of providing food to primates at natural (wild) feeding times. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1339https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1339Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:48:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Provide access to food at all times (day and night) No evidence was captured for the effects of providing primates access to food at all times (day and night). 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1340https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1340Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:49:38 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Use of automated feeders No evidence was captured for the effects of using an automated feeder for primates. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1341https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1341Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:50:55 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Feed individuals separately No evidence was captured for the effects of feeding individual primates separately 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1342https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1342Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:52:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Feed individuals in social groups One replicated, controlled study in the USA reported that an enrichment task took less time to complete when monkeys were in social groups than when feeding alone. One before-and-after study in Italy found that in the presence of their groupmates monkeys ate more unfamiliar foods during the first encounter.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1343https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1343Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:56:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Primates: Feed individuals in subgroups No evidence was captured for the effects of feeding individual primates in subgroups. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.  Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1344https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1344Thu, 13 Oct 2016 08:57:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Identify and breed a similar species to refine husbandry techniques prior to working with target species Two small, replicated interlinked studies in Brazil found that working with a less-threatened surrogate species of frog first to establish husbandry interventions promoted successful breeding of a critically endangered species of frog. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1862https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1862Thu, 18 Jan 2018 16:03:54 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary enclosure humidity to simulate seasonal changes in the wild using humidifiers, foggers/misters or artificial rain No evidence was captured for the effects of varying enclosure humidity to simulate seasonal changes in the wild using humidifiers, foggers/misters or artificial rain. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1863https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1863Thu, 18 Jan 2018 16:28:00 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary enclosure temperature to simulate seasonal changes in the wild One small, replicated study in Italy found that one of six females bred following a drop in temperature from 20-24 to 17°C, and filling of an egg laying pond. One replicated, before-and-after study in Australia that provided a pre-breeding cooling period, alongside allowing females to gain weight before the breeding period, separating sexes during the non-breeding period, providing mate choice for females and playing recorded mating calls, increased breeding success. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1864https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1864Thu, 18 Jan 2018 16:32:22 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary quality or quantity (UV% or gradients) of enclosure lighting to simulate seasonal changes in the wild One replicated study in the UK found that there was no difference in clutch size between frogs given an ultraviolet (UV) boost compared with those who only received background levels. However, frogs given the UV boost had a significantly greater fungal load than frogs that were not UV-boosted. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1865https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1865Fri, 19 Jan 2018 08:49:28 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary duration of enclosure lighting to simulate seasonal changes in the wild No evidence was captured for the effects of varying duration of enclosure lighting to simulate seasonal changes in the wild. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1866https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1866Fri, 19 Jan 2018 08:53:32 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Simulate rainfall using sound recordings of rain and/or thunderstorms No evidence was captured for the effects of simulating rainfall using sound recordings of rain and/or thunderstorms. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1867https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1867Fri, 19 Jan 2018 08:55:11 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Allow temperate amphibians to hibernate No evidence was captured for the effects of allowing temperate amphibians to hibernate. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1868https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1868Fri, 19 Jan 2018 08:59:37 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Allow amphibians from highly seasonal environments to have a period of dormancy during a simulated drought period No evidence was captured for the effects of allowing amphibians from highly seasonal environments to have a period of dormancy during a simulated drought period. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1869https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1869Fri, 19 Jan 2018 09:02:52 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary water flow/speed of artificial streams in enclosures for torrent breeding species No evidence was captured for the effects of allowing varying water flow/speed of artificial streams in enclosures for torrent breeding species. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1870https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1870Fri, 19 Jan 2018 09:04:34 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Provide artificial aquifers for species which breed in upwelling springs One small study in the USA found that salamanders bred in an aquarium fitted with an artificial aquifer. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1871https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1871Fri, 19 Jan 2018 09:07:16 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Vary artificial rainfall to simulate seasonal changes in the wild Two replicated, before-and-after studies in Germany and Austria found that simulating a wet and dry season, as well as being moved to an enclosure with more egg laying sites and flowing water in Austria, stimulated breeding and egg deposition. In Germany, no toadlets survived past 142 days old. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1872https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1872Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:13:30 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Provide multiple egg laying sites within an enclosure One replicated study in Australia found that frogs only bred once moved into an indoor enclosure which had various types of organic substrate, allowed temporary flooding, and enabled sex ratios to be manipulated along with playing recorded mating calls. One small, replicated, before-and-after study in Fiji found that adding rotting logs and hollow bamboo pipes to an enclosure, as well as a variety of substrates, promoted egg laying in frogs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1873https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1873Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:21:58 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Provide natural substrate for species which do not breed in water (e.g. burrowing/tunnel breeders) Two replicated studies in Australia and Fiji found that adding a variety of substrates to an enclosure, as well as rotting logs and hollow bamboo pipes in one case, promoted egg laying in frogs. The Australian study also temporarily flooded enclosures, manipulated sex ratios and played recorded mating calls. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1874https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1874Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:30:30 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Provide particular plants as breeding areas or egg laying sites One small, controlled study in the USA found that salamanders bred in an aquarium heavily planted with java moss and swamp-weed. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1875https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1875Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:31:52 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Amphibians: Provide particular enclosure furniture for calling sites, breeding areas or egg laying sites One replicated study in Fiji found that adding rotting logs and hollow bamboo pipes, as well as a variety of substrates to an enclosure, promoted egg laying in frogs. One before-and-after study in Austria found that captive frogs started breeding when animals were housed in enclosures with more calling, perching and laying sites, as well as simulated wet and dry seasons. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1876https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1876Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:51:55 +0000
What Works 2021 cover

What Works in Conservation

What Works in Conservation provides expert assessments of the effectiveness of actions, based on summarised evidence, in synopses. Subjects covered so far include amphibians, birds, mammals, forests, peatland and control of freshwater invasive species. More are in progress.

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