Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change season/timing of livestock grazing: freshwater marshes Three studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of grazing freshwater marshes in different seasons or at different times. Two studies were in the USA and one was in Canada. In all three studies, the livestock were cattle. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Community composition (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study of freshwater marshes and wet meadows in the USA reported that plots grazed in the summer and autumn experienced similar changes in overall plant community composition over a year. Relative abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study of ephemeral pools in the USA found that pools grazed in the dry or wet seasons had similar cover of grasses relative to forbs over three years. Overall richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, site comparison study of freshwater marshes in Canada found that in summer, marshes grazed in the summer/autumn contained more plant genera than marshes grazed in the spring/summer. Native/non-target richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study of ephemeral pools in the USA found that pools grazed in the dry and wet seasons experienced similar changes in native plant richness over three years. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Overall abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study of freshwater marshes and wet meadows the USA found that, in three of four habitat types, summer- and autumn-grazed plots experienced similar changes in live vegetation biomass over one year. VEGETATION STRUCTURE Height (1 study): One replicated, site comparison study of freshwater marshes in Canada found that in summer, marshes grazed in the summer/autumn contained taller emergent vegetation than marshes grazed in the spring/summer. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2974https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2974Thu, 25 Mar 2021 14:17:41 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change season/timing of livestock grazing: brackish/salt marshes Two studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of grazing brackish/salt marshes in different seasons or at different times. One study was in the USA and one was in the Netherlands. In both studies, the focal livestock were cattle. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Community composition (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study on a salt marsh in the Netherlands found that plots grazed annually by 0.5 cattle/ha and plots grazed biennially by 1.0 cattle/ha experienced a similar turnover of plant species over six years, and had a similar overall plant community composition after six years. Overall richness/diversity (1 study): The same study found that plots grazed annually by 0.5 cattle/ha and plots grazed biennially by 1.0 cattle/ha experienced similar increases in plant species richness over six years, and had similar species richness after six years. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Overall abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study in alkali marshes in the USA found that summer- and autumn-grazed plots experienced similar changes in live vegetation biomass, over one year. Individual species abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study on a salt marsh in the Netherlands found that grazing annually with 0.5 cattle/ha stimulated greater increases in cover of sea aster Aster tripolium than grazing biennially with 1.0 cattle/ha. There was no significant difference between the grazing regimes for cover of sea couch grass Elytrigia atheria. Vegetation was monitored over six years. VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2975https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2975Thu, 25 Mar 2021 14:17:58 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change season/timing of livestock grazing: freshwater swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of grazing freshwater swamps in different seasons or at different times. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2976https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2976Thu, 25 Mar 2021 14:18:12 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change season/timing of livestock grazing: brackish/saline swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of grazing brackish/saline swamps in different seasons or at different times. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2977https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2977Thu, 25 Mar 2021 14:18:26 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change type of livestock grazing: freshwater marshesWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of allowing different types of livestock to graze freshwater marshes. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2978https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2978Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:05:08 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change type of livestock grazing: brackish/salt marshes Three studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of allowing different types of livestock to graze brackish/salt marshes. There was overlap in the sites used in the studies, which all compared cattle and horse grazing on one salt marsh in the Netherlands. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Community types (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study on a salt marsh in the Netherlands found that plots experienced similar changes in the area of a couch-grass-dominated community, over four years, whether grazed by cattle or horses. Community composition (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study on a salt marsh in the Netherlands found that plots grazed by cattle and plots grazed by horses experienced a similar turnover of plant species over six years, and had a similar overall plant community composition after six years. Overall richness/diversity (2 studies): Two replicated, randomized, paired, controlled studies on one salt marsh in the Netherlands found that plots grazed by cattle and plots grazed by horses had similar plant species richness after 1–6 years. One of the studies also reported similar increases in species richness over six years, whether plots were grazed by cattle or horses. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Individual species abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled, before-and-after study on a salt marsh in the Netherlands3 found that plots grazed by cattle and plots grazed by horses experienced similar changes in the cover of two salt marsh herb species, over six years. VEGETATION STRUCTURE Height (2 studies): Of two replicated, paired, controlled studies on one salt marsh in the Netherlands, one found that horses maintained shorter late-summer vegetation than cattle after two years of grazing. The other study found that horses and cattle maintained late-summer vegetation of a similar height, over four years. The first study also examined variation in height between vegetation patches, and found no significant difference between horse- and cattle-grazed plots. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2979https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2979Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:05:17 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change type of livestock grazing: freshwater swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of allowing different types of livestock to graze freshwater swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2980https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2980Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:05:27 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Change type of livestock grazing: brackish/saline swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of allowing different types of livestock to graze brackish/saline swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2981https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2981Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:05:33 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Abandon aquaculture facilities: allow freshwater marshes or swamps to recover without active interventionWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of abandoning aquaculture facilities with the expectation that freshwater marshes or swamps would recover spontaneously. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2982https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2982Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:27:38 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Abandon aquaculture facilities: allow brackish/saline marshes or swamps to recover without active intervention One study evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of abandoning aquaculture facilities with the expectation that brackish/saline marshes or swamps would recover spontaneously. The study was in Costa Rica. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Community composition (1 study): One site comparison study in Costa Rica reported that after 14 years, an abandoned shrimp pond contained the same four tree species as a nearby natural mangrove forest. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Tree/shrub abundance (1 study): One site comparison study in Costa Rica reported that after 14 years, an abandoned shrimp pond contained a greater density of trees than a nearby natural mangrove forest. VEGETATION STRUCTURE Height (1 study): One site comparison study in Costa Rica reported that after 14 years, an abandoned shrimp pond had a shorter tree canopy than a nearby natural mangrove forest. Basal area (1 study): The same study reported that the basal area of trees was smaller in an abandoned shrimp pond, after 14 years, than in a nearby natural mangrove forest. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2983https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2983Thu, 25 Mar 2021 15:27:56 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Abandon mined land: allow freshwater marshes or swamps to recover without active interventionWe found no studies that evaluated the effects on vegetation, of abandoning formerly mined land with the expectation that freshwater marshes or swamps would recover spontaneously. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2984https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2984Thu, 25 Mar 2021 20:17:56 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Abandon mined land: allow brackish/saline marshes or swamps to recover without active intervention One study evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of abandoning formerly mined land with the expectation that brackish/saline marshes or swamps would recover spontaneously. The study was in France. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Community types (1 study): One replicated study in France simply classified the plant community types that developed on abandoned salt pans. Areas flooded for at least part of the year developed salt marsh plant communities, with the exact community composition depending on the duration of flooding and soil salinity. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2985https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2985Thu, 25 Mar 2021 20:18:12 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Retain/create habitat linkages in areas of energy production or miningWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on marsh/swamp vegetation, of retaining or creating habitat linkages in areas of energy production or mining. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2986https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2986Thu, 25 Mar 2021 20:18:24 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Backfill canals or trenches: freshwater marshes Three studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of backfilling canals or trenches in freshwater marshes. All three studies were in the USA. There was overlap in the canals used in two of the studies. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Overall extent (3 studies): Three replicated studies in freshwater marshes in the USA reported coverage of emergent marsh vegetation between 6 months and 25 years after backfilling. All three studies reported that coverage was greater on former spoil areas alongside canals than within the partly filled canal channels. Relative abundance (1 study): One replicated, paired, site comparison study in a freshwater marsh in the USA reported that in levelled former spoil areas alongside backfilled canals, the relative abundance of some key plant species differed from natural marshland. Vegetation was surveyed three years after backfilling. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2987https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2987Thu, 25 Mar 2021 21:10:33 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Backfill canals or trenches: brackish/salt marshes Four studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of backfilling canals or trenches in brackish/salt marshes. All four studies were in the USA. There was overlap in the canals used in three of the studies. All studies included some freshwater areas in some analyses, but all results are based predominantly on canals in brackish or saline marshes. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Overall extent (4 studies): One paired, site comparison study in marshes in the USA reported that emergent vegetation coverage was typically lower in backfilled canals, after four years, than in adjacent undisturbed marsh. Three other studies in marshes in the USA simply reported coverage of emergent marsh vegetation between 6 months and 25 years after backfilling canals. All four studies reported that coverage was greater on former spoil areas alongside canals than within the partly filled canal channels. Two of the studies also reported the frequency of submerged/floating vegetation after 6–60 months, and one reported coverage of upland plant species on spoil banks that had not been completely levelled after 6–11 years. Overall richness/diversity (2 studies): One replicated, site comparison study in marshes in the USA reported that former spoil areas alongside backfilled canals had greater plant species richness than nearby natural marsh, due to the presence of upland species on unlevelled areas. One other study of a backfilled canal in predominantly brackish and saline marshes in the USA simply quantified richness of submerged vegetation four years after backfilling. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2988https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2988Thu, 25 Mar 2021 21:10:50 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Backfill canals or trenches: freshwater swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of backfilling canals or trenches in freshwater swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2989https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2989Thu, 25 Mar 2021 21:10:54 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Backfill canals or trenches: brackish/saline swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of backfilling canals or trenches in brackish/saline swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2990https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2990Thu, 25 Mar 2021 21:11:05 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plug/dam canals or trenches: freshwater marshes One study evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of plugging/damming canals or trenches in freshwater marshes. The study was in the USA. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Overall extent (1 study): One replicated, site comparison study of backfilled canals in freshwater marshes in the USA reported that emergent marsh vegetation coverage was greater within the channels of plugged than unplugged canals, after 6–60 months. However, coverage on former spoil areas did not significantly differ between plugged and unplugged canals. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2991https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2991Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:08:23 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plug/dam canals or trenches: brackish/salt marshes Two studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of plugging/damming canals or trenches in brackish/salt marshes. Both studies were in the USA. There was overlap in the canals used in the studies. Both studies included some freshwater areas in some analyses, but all results are based predominantly on canals in brackish or saline marshes. VEGETATION COMMUNITY VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Overall abundance (2 studies): Two replicated, site comparison studies studied emergent vegetation of backfilled canals in the USA. One study reported that plugged canals had greater coverage of emergent marsh vegetation than unplugged canals after 6–60 months. One study found that emergent vegetation coverage on former spoil heaps did not significantly differ alongside plugged and unplugged canals after 6–11 years. The first study also reported that plugged canals were more likely to contain floating/submerged vegetation than unplugged canals. VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2992https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2992Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:08:35 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plug/dam canals or trenches: freshwater swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of plugging/damming canals or trenches in freshwater swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2993https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2993Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:08:51 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Plug/dam canals or trenches: brackish/saline swampsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of plugging/damming canals or trenches in brackish/saline swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2994https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2994Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:09:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Design transportation or service corridors to maintain water flowWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of designing infrastructure to maintain water flow into/out of marshes or swamps. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2995https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2995Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:29:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Retain/create habitat linkages across service corridorsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on marsh/swamp vegetation, of retaining or creating habitat linkages across transportation or service corridors. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2996https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2996Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:33:06 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce frequency of vegetation harvest: freshwater marshes Three studies evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of reducing the frequency of harvest in freshwater marshes (or harvesting at different frequencies). There was one study in each of the USA, Belgium and Italy. VEGETATION COMMUNITY Overall richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, paired, controlled, before-and-after study in wet grasslands in Belgium reported that overall plant species richness was similar in plots harvested once or twice/year. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Overall abundance (1 study): One replicated, paired, controlled, before-and-after study in wet grasslands in Belgium reported that the effect of harvesting twice/year (in July and October) on total above-ground biomass was intermediate between the effects of harvesting once/year in July or October. Individual species abundance (3 studies): All three studies quantified the effect of this action on the abundance of individual plant species. For example, one replicated, paired, controlled study in freshwater marshes in the USA reported that cattail Typha biomass was greater, nine months after the last harvest, in plots harvested every six weeks than in plots harvested every three weeks. One paired, controlled, before-and-after study in reedbeds in Italy found that the common reed Phragmites australis biomass was similar in plots harvested once or twice/year, when measured at least five months after the last harvest. VEGETATION STRUCTURECollected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2997https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2997Wed, 31 Mar 2021 13:15:36 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce frequency of vegetation harvest: brackish/salt marshesWe found no studies that evaluated the effects, on vegetation, of reducing the frequency of harvest in brackish/salt marshes (or harvesting at different frequencies). ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2998https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2998Wed, 31 Mar 2021 13:16:12 +0100