Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Protect nests from antsA randomised, replicated and controlled study from the USA found higher fledging success from white-eyed vireo Vireo griseus nests protected from ants with a physical barrier and a chemical repellent, compared to control nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F410https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F410Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:15:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Guard nests to prevent predation We found no evidence on the effects of guarding nests to prevent predation for bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F411https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F411Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:16:58 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use ‘cat curfews’ to reduce predation We found no evidence for the effects of ‘cat curfews’ on bird populations. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F412https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F412Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:18:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use lion dung to deter domestic cats We found no evidence for the effects of lion dung application on the use of gardens by cats or on cat predation. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F413https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F413Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:19:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Play spoken-word radio programmes to deter predators We found no published evidence for the effects of playing the radio on predation rates. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F414https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F414Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:20:00 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use collar-mounted devices to reduce predation Two replicated randomised and controlled studies in the UK and Australia found that significantly fewer birds were returned by cats wearing collars with various anti-hunting devices, compared to controls. A replicated, randomised and controlled study from the UK found no significant differences between different devices. Both UK studies found that collars were easily lost. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F416https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F416Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:27:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use supplementary feeding to reduce predation A controlled cross-over experiment from the UK found that there was no difference in grouse adult survival or productivity when supplementary food was provided to hen harrier Circus cyaneus compared to in control areas. This study and another from the USA that used artificial nests found that nest predation rates were reduced in areas when supplementary food was provided to predators. A second study from the USA found no such effect. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F417https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F417Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:42:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use aversive conditioning to reduce nest predation by avian predators Five studies from the USA and Europe found reductions in consumption of eggs treated with various chemicals. A further ex situ study from the USA found that American kestrels Falco sparverius consumed fewer chicks when they were treated, but not to the point of losing body condition. Three studies from the USA found some evidence that treating eggs with some chemicals may have reduced predation of eggs after treatment stopped, or of untreated eggs, although two of these were only short term experiments and the third found that the effect was lost after a year. Four studies from the Europe and the USA found no evidence for conditioning, or a reduction in predation of wild (untreated) eggs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F418https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F418Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:50:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use aversive conditioning to reduce nest predation by mammalian predators One study from the USA and three ex situ experiments found evidence for lower consumption of eggs treated with repellent chemicals. However, when untreated eggs were provided simultaneously with or after treated eggs, no studies found evidence for continued lower predation. I.e. aversive conditioning did not occur. In addition, a study from the USA found no effect of repellent chemicals on predation rates of genuine nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F419https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F419Fri, 17 Aug 2012 16:10:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce predation by translocating nest boxesTwo studies from Europe found that predation rates were lower for relocated nest boxes, compared to controls. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F420https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F420Fri, 17 Aug 2012 16:18:38 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce inter-specific competition for nest sites of ground nesting seabirds by removing competitor species Four studies from Canada and the UK found increased tern Sterna spp. populations following the control or exclusion of gulls Larus spp. In two studies many interventions were used, making it impossible to tell which was responsible. One study from the UK and one from Canada found that controlling large gulls had no impact on smaller species. Two studies from the USA and UK found that exclusion devices successfully reduced the numbers of gulls at sites, although one found that they were only effective at small colonies and the other found that methods varied in their effectiveness and practicality. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F422https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F422Fri, 17 Aug 2012 16:21:39 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce inter-specific competition for nest sites of woodpeckers by removing competitor species All four studies we captured describe the management of red-cockaded woodpeckers Picoides borealis in open pine forests in the USA. One small study found an increase in woodpecker population following the removal of southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans, whilst a second found a population increase following squirrel removal, along with other interventions and a third found that reintroductions were successful when squirrels were controlled. A randomised, replicated and controlled before-and-after study found fewer holes were occupied by squirrels following control efforts, but that occupancy by red-cockaded woodpeckers was no higher. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F423https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F423Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:09:55 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce inter-specific competition for nest sites of songbirds by removing competitor species Two studies from Australia found increases in bird populations and species richness after the control of noisy miners Manorina melanocephala – a native but hyper-competitive species. A controlled study from Italy found that blue tits Parus caeruleus nested in more nest boxes when hazel dormice Muscardinus avellanarius were excluded from nest boxes over winter. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F424https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F424Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:28:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce inter-specific competition for nest sites by modifying habitats to exclude competitor speciesA replicated controlled study from the USA found no impact of midstorey clearance on the occupation of red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis nesting cavities by southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F425https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F425Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:32:51 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Protect nest sites from competitors Two replicated studies from the USA found that red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis populations increased in five forests after several interventions, including the installation of restrictor plates around nesting holes, were implemented. A study from Puerto Rico found evidence for lower competition between Puerto Rican parrots Amazona vittata and pearly-eyed thrashers Margarops fuscatus after modifications were made to nest boxes. A replicated, controlled study from the USA found weak evidence for the effects of exclusion devices on house sparrows Passer domesticus nesting in nest boxes and a study from the USA found that fitting restrictor plates to red-cockaded woodpecker holes reduced the number that were enlarged. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F426https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F426Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:45:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce competition between species by providing nest boxesA replicated, controlled study from the USA found that providing extra nest boxes did not reduce the rate at which common starlings Sturnus vulgaris usurped northern flickers Colaptes auratus from nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F427https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F427Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:51:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce inter-specific competition for food by removing or controlling competitor species Two controlled before-and-after studies from the UK found that six species of wildfowl showed significant increases following the removal of fish from lakes. Three other species did not show increases. A study from France found that grey partridges Perdix perdix increased at a site with several interventions, including the control of competitor species. A before-and-after study from Spain found no change in the rate of kleptoparasitic attacks on herons after the culling of gulls at a colony. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F428https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F428Fri, 17 Aug 2012 17:54:16 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce adverse habitat alterations by excluding problematic terrestrial species Three studies from the USA and the UK found higher numbers of certain songbird species and a higher species richness in these groups when deer were excluded from forests. Intermediate canopy-nesting species in the USA and common nightingales Luscinia macrorhynchos in the UK were the species to benefit. A study from Hawaii found mixed effects of grazer exclusion, with some species showing population increases, some declines and other different long- and short-term trends. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F429https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F429Wed, 22 Aug 2012 13:34:54 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Reduce adverse habitat alterations by excluding problematic aquatic speciesA replicated paired study in the USA found that waterbirds preferentially used wetland plots from which grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were excluded but moved as these became depleted over the winter. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F430https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F430Wed, 22 Aug 2012 13:58:45 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Control or remove habitat-altering mammals Four studies from the Azores and Australia found that seabird populations increased following the eradication of European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus or other species, although in three studies there were several other interventions used as well. Two studies from Australia and the Madeira archipelago, Portugal, found that seabird populations’ productivities increased following rabbit and house mouse Mus musculus eradications, with several other interventions used in the Australian study. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F431https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F431Wed, 22 Aug 2012 14:21:43 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove problematic vegetation A before-and-after study from Japan found higher numbers of long-billed plovers Charadrius placidus after the removal of invasive black locust Robinia pseudoacacia. A study from Australia found lower mortality of Gould’s petrels Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera following the removal of most of an island’s (native) bird-lime tree Pisonia umbellifera population, whilst a study from New Zealand found that Chatham Island oystercatchers Haematopus chathamensis could nest in preferable areas following invasive marram grass Ammophila arenaria control. A site comparison from the USA found lower densities of several birds in areas with (native) velvet mesquite Prosopis juliflora control. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F432https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F432Wed, 22 Aug 2012 14:43:46 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use buffer zones to reduce the impact of invasive plant controlA study from the USA found that having buffer zones around snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis nests, where no herbicides were sprayed, resulted in no nests being lost during a vegetation control programme. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F433https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F433Wed, 22 Aug 2012 14:49:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove/treat endoparasites and diseases Three studies from across the world investigating a range of taxa and parasites found that birds had higher productivity or survival if either chicks or adults were treated for endoparasites. One small study from Spain found no effect of Staphylococcus aureus treatment on eagle survival, while a study from Mauritius found uncertain evidence as to whether trichomoniasis treatment increased survival of pink pigeons Nesoenas mayeri after fledging. A randomised, replicated and controlled trial from the Netherlands found lower parasite burdens but also lower survival in Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus chicks treated with anthelmintic drugs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F434https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F434Wed, 22 Aug 2012 14:54:24 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude or control ‘reservoir species’ to reduce parasite burdens A literature review found no compelling evidence that culling mountain hares Lepus timidus (a carrier of the ticks that carry louping ill virus) increased red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus populations. A controlled before-and-after study from the UK did find that there was a significant increase in chick production on grouse moors with hare culling, compared to control sites but no change in population density. A comment on this paper argued that the controls used in it were not adequate. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F435https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F435Wed, 22 Aug 2012 15:02:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Remove/treat ectoparasites to increase survival or reproductive success We found no evidence on the effects of removing/treating ectoparasites to increase survival or reproductive success. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F436https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F436Wed, 22 Aug 2012 15:22:12 +0100