Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicide to mid- and understorey vegetation Of seven studies, one replicated, controlled study in forests in Canada found that bird species richness declined after the treatment of deciduous trees with herbicide. Two of the four studies monitoring bird populations (two replicated, controlled before-and-after studies) these found that numbers of red-cockaded woodpeckers or male greater sage grouse increased in all or some herbicide-treated areas. Increases of sage grouse were larger at two areas without vegetation control. One study considered two species: one decreased while the other showed no response. Another found that bird densities increased equally in both control and treatment areas. Three replicated, controlled before-and-after studies in forests found that nest survival was lower where herbicide was applied to exotic shrubs or deciduous vegetation. One study also found lower nesting densities. One controlled study found northern bobwhite chicks higher had foraging success in herbicide-treated forest areas. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F346https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F346Sun, 29 Jul 2012 14:17:01 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear seabirds in captivity Five studies from across the world found evidence for the success of hand-rearing seabirds. One small study in Spain found that one of five hand-reared Audouin’s gulls Larus audouinii successfully bred in the wild. Four studies found that various petrel species (Procellariiformes) successfully fledged after hand-rearing. One controlled study found that fledging rates of hand-reared birds was similar to parent-reared birds, although a study on a single bird found that the chick fledged at a lower weight and later than parent-reared chicks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F604https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F604Sat, 13 Oct 2012 16:50:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear penguins in captivityTwo replicated and controlled studies from South Africa found that hand-reared and released African penguins Spheniscus demersus had similar survival and breeding success as birds which were not orphaned and hand-reared. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F605https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F605Sat, 13 Oct 2012 17:08:04 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear gamebirds in captivityA single, replicated study in Finland found that hand-reared grey partridges Perdix perdix did not take off to fly as effectively as wild-caught birds, potentially making them more vulnerable to predation from ground predators. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F607https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F607Sat, 13 Oct 2012 17:33:47 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear rails in captivityA controlled before-and-after study from New Zealand found that post-release survival of hand-reared takahe Porphyrio hochstetteri (formerly P. mantelli) was as high as wild-reared birds and that six of ten released females raised chicks. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F608https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F608Sat, 13 Oct 2012 17:41:25 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear cranes in captivityA replicated and controlled study and a small study, both from the USA, found that hand-reared birds showed normal reproductive behaviour and higher survival than parent-reared birds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F609https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F609Sat, 13 Oct 2012 17:44:21 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear bustards in captivity A review of a houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii captive breeding programme in Saudi Arabia found that there was no difference in survival between artificially and parentally incubated eggs. A second review of the same programme found that removing eggs from clutches as they were laid increased the number laid by females. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F610https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F610Sat, 13 Oct 2012 17:57:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear raptors in captivity Six studies from across the world found high success rates for artificial incubation and hand-rearing of raptors. A replicated and controlled study from France found that artificially incubated raptor eggs had significantly lower hatching success than parent-incubated eggs. This study found that fledging success for hand-reared chicks was similar to wild chicks, whilst a replicated and controlled study from Canada found that hand-reared chicks had slower growth and attained a lower weight than parent-reared birds. A replicated study from Mauritius found that hand-rearing of wild eggs had higher success than hand-rearing captive-bred chicks. Three studies that provided methodological comparisons found that American kestrel Falco sparverius eggs were more likely to hatch at 38.5oC, compared to 36oC or 40oC, that peregrine falcon F. peregrinus eggs should be incubated over 37oC and that falcon chicks gained far more weight when saline was added to their diet. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F614https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F614Sun, 14 Oct 2012 12:05:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Artificially incubate and hand-rear parrots in captivity Two studies from South America describe the successful hand-rearing of parrot chicks, with ten of 12 yellow-shouldered amazons Amazona barbadensis surviving for a year after release and blue-fronted amazons Amazona aestiva fledging at higher weights than wild birds. A review of the kakapo Strigops habroptilus management programme found that chicks could be successfully raised and released, but that eggs incubated from a young age had low success. A study from the USA found that all hand-reared thick-billed parrots Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha died within a month of release: significantly lower survival than for wild-caught birds also translocated to the release site. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F615https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F615Sun, 14 Oct 2012 12:29:14 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply insecticide to protect seedlings from invertebrates One randomized, replicated, controlled study in the USA found that applying insecticide increased tree seedling emergence and survival. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1149https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1149Tue, 17 May 2016 15:18:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply fungicides to protect seedlings from fungal diseases We found no evidence for the effect of applying fungicides to planted trees. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1156https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1156Wed, 18 May 2016 15:30:17 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicides after restoration planting One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that controlling vegetation using herbicides after restoration planting decreased plant species richness and diversity. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1241https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1241Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:52:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicide to trees One replicated, controlled, before-and-after study in South Africa found that using herbicide to control trees increased plant diversity but did not increase shrub cover. One randomized, replicated, controlled study in the UK found that herbicide treatment of trees increased the abundance of common heather seedlings. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1629https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1629Sun, 22 Oct 2017 11:29:53 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicide and sow seeds of shrubland plants to control grass One randomized, controlled study in the USA found that areas where herbicide was sprayed and seeds of shrubland species were sown had more shrub seedlings than areas that were not sprayed or sown with seeds. One randomized, replicated, controlled study in the USA found that spraying with herbicide and sowing seeds of shrubland species did not increase the cover of native plant species, but did increase the number of native plant species. One of two studies in the USA found that spraying with herbicide and sowing seeds of shrubland species reduced non-native grass cover. One study in the USA found that applying herbicide and sowing seeds of shrubland species did not reduced the cover of non-native grasses Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1644https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1644Sun, 22 Oct 2017 13:30:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicide and remove plants to control grass One randomized, replicated, controlled, paired study in the USA found that areas sprayed with herbicide and weeded to control non-native grass cover had higher cover of native grasses and forbs than areas that were not sprayed or weeded, but not a higher number of native plant species. The same study found that spraying with herbicide and weeding reduced non-native grass cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1645https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1645Sun, 22 Oct 2017 13:33:12 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply textured coating to turbines One study evaluated the effects of applying a textured coating to turbines on bat populations. The study was in the USA. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (1 STUDY) Abundance (1 study): One paired sites study in the USA found that applying a textured coating to a turbine did not reduce the activity of four bat species or the number of bats observed. BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES)Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1957https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F1957Tue, 04 Dec 2018 14:30:07 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply water to vegetation to increase food availability during drought One study evaluated the effects on mammals of applying water to vegetation to increase food availability during drought. This study was in the USA. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (1 STUDY) Use (1 study): A controlled, before-and-after study in the USA found that watering scrub during drought increased its use by adult Sonoran pronghorns for feeding. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2555https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2555Tue, 09 Jun 2020 10:47:58 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply fertilizer to vegetation to increase food availability Two studies evaluated the effects on mammals of applying fertilizer to vegetation to increase food availability. One study was in Canada and one was in the USA. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (2 STUDIES) Use (2 studies): Two replicated, controlled studies, in Canada and the USA, found that applying fertilizer increased the use of vegetation by pronghorns and Rocky Mountain elk. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2577https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2577Wed, 10 Jun 2020 11:48:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply fertilizer to trees Three studies evaluated the effects on mammals of applying fertilizer to trees. All three studies were in Canada. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (3 STUDIES) Use (3 studies): One of three replicated studies (including one controlled study and two site comparison studies), in Canada, found that thinned forest stands to which fertilizer was applied were used more by snowshoe hares in winter but not in summer over the short-term. The other studies found that forest stands to which fertilizer was applied were not more used by snowshoe hares in the longer term or by mule deer or moose. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2649https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F2649Sat, 13 Jun 2020 18:06:25 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply root dip to non-woody plants before planting: freshwater wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of freshwater wetlands – of applying a non-fungal root dip before planting. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3351https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3351Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:12:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply root dip to non-woody plants before planting: brackish/saline wetlands One study evaluated the effects – on emergent, non-woody plants typical of brackish/saline wetlands – of applying a non-fungal root dip before planting. The study was in the USA. VEGETATION COMMUNITY VEGETATION ABUNDANCE Individual species abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study on mudflats in the USA found that root-dipping smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora before planting had mixed effects on cordgrass density after 1–2 growing seasons, but never increased it. VEGETATION STRUCTURE Height (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study on mudflats in the USA found that root-dipping smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora before planting had mixed effects on cordgrass height after two growing seasons. OTHER Survival (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study on mudflats in the USA found that root-dipped smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora plants typically had a lower survival rate, after one growing season, than plants that had not been root-dipped. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3352https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3352Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:13:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply root dip to trees/shrubs before planting: freshwater wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on trees/shrubs typical of freshwater wetlands – of applying a non-fungal root dip before planting. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3353https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3353Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:13:16 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply root dip to trees/shrubs before planting: brackish/saline wetlandsWe found no studies that evaluated the effects – on trees/shrubs typical of brackish/saline wetlands – of applying a non-fungal root dip before planting. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3354https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3354Sun, 11 Apr 2021 17:13:29 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Apply herbicide before seeding/planting Four studies examined the effects of applying herbicide before seeding/planting on grassland vegetation. Two studies were in the USA and one study was in each of Germany and the UK. VEGETATION COMMUNITY (1 STUDY) Sown/planted species richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, controlled study in the UK found that applying herbicide before sowing seeds increased sown species richness. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE (2 STUDIES) Sown/planted species abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that spraying with herbicide before sowing seeds increased the cover of sown grass species. Forb abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that spraying with herbicide before sowing grass seeds did not alter or reduced the density of native forb species. Tree/shrub abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that spraying with herbicide before sowing grass seeds led to an increase in the density of shrubs. Individual plant species abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, controlled study in the USA found that spraying with herbicide before sowing grass seeds did not alter the density of crested wheatgrass. VEGETATION STRUCTURE (0 STUDIES) OTHER (1 STUDY) Germination/Emergence (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in Germany found that spraying with herbicide before sowing seeds increased seedling emergence for five of eight wildflower species. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3418https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3418Fri, 25 Jun 2021 16:22:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Armour shorelines to prevent erosion We found no studies that evaluated the effects of armouring shorelines to prevent erosion on reptile populations. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3670https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservationevidence.com%2Factions%2F3670Fri, 10 Dec 2021 11:37:19 +0000