Reduce predation by translocating predators

Overall effectiveness category Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)
Number of studies: 3
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How is the evidence assessed?

Effectiveness

27%
Certainty

20%
Harms

not assessed

Calculating overall effectiveness category

Background information and definitions

If suitable habitats exist for predators away from sensitive bird populations then translocating predators may represent a solution to high levels of predation.

Study locations

Key messages

Two studies from France and the USA found local population increases or reduced predationfollowing the translocation of predators away from an area. A study in Saudi Arabia found that predation was no lower when predators were translocated from the bird release site.

About key messages

Key messages provide a descriptive index to studies we have found that test this intervention.

Studies are not directly comparable or of equal value. When making decisions based on this evidence, you should consider factors such as study size, study design, reported metrics and relevance of the study to your situation, rather than simply counting the number of studies that support a particular interpretation.

Supporting evidence from individual studies

A before-and-after study of a houbara bustard Chalmydotis undulata macqueenii release programme in desert steppe in southwest Saudi Arabia (Combreau & Smith 1998) found that the rate of predation of bustards did not change from 1993, with no predator control, to 1994, when feral cats Felis catus and red foxes Vulpes vulpes were caught and translocated away from the release site (47% of 25 subadult bustards predated in 1993 vs. 45% of 34 in 1994). However, the pattern of predation did differ, with fewer birds predated near the release site (predation occurring an average of 3 km from the release site in 1993 vs. 8 km in 1994) and birds surviving for longer on average (average of four days before predation in 1993 vs. 14 days in 1994). The release programme itself is discussed in ‘Release captive bred individuals’, ‘Release birds as subadults or adults, not juveniles’, ‘Use holding pens at release sites’ and ‘Use holding pens at release sites and clip birds’ wings’.
Study and other actions tested
Referenced paper
Combreau O. & Smith T.R. (1998) Release techniques and predation in the introduction of houbara bustards in Saudi Arabia. Biological Conservation, 84, 147-155.
A paired sites before-and-after trial at two urban locations in the Paris area, France, between 2003 and 2005 (Chiron & Julliard 2007) found that the number of juvenile blue tits Parus caeruleus increased by 40% and the number of adult long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus increased 50 fold following the removal of 91 black-billed magpies Pica pica from experimental sites (a 58% reduction in density), with no corresponding increase in control sites where magpies were not removed. However, removal appeared to cause a 70% reduction in the number of adult blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla. There was no change in the number of juveniles or adults in seven other species.
Study and other actions tested
Referenced paper
Chiron F.O. & Julliard R. (2007) Responses of songbirds to magpie reduction in an urban habitat. Journal of Wildlife Management, 71, 2624-2631.
A before-and-after trial on Santa Barbara Island, California, USA (Millus et al. 2007), found that the proportion of Xantus\'s murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus eggs predated by mice was significantly lower in 2004, when approximately 1,650 deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus elusus (endemic to the island) were translocated away from the colony, compared to the 1993-2005 average, excluding 2004 (21% of 73 eggs predated vs. an average 37% of 64). In addition, the productivity/nest was higher (1.11 vs. 0.93), but hatching success was not significantly different (56% vs. 54%).
Study and other actions tested
Referenced paper
Millus S.A., Stapp P. & Martin P. (2007) Experimental control of a native predator may improve breeding success of a threatened seabird in the California Channel Islands. Biological Conservation, 138, 484-492.

Please cite as:

Williams, D.R., Child, M.F., Dicks, L.V., Ockendon, N., Pople, R.G., Showler, D.A., Walsh, J.C., zu Ermgassen, E.K.H.J. & Sutherland, W.J. (2020) Bird Conservation. Pages 137-281 in: W.J. Sutherland, L.V. Dicks, S.O. Petrovan & R.K. Smith (eds) What Works in Conservation 2020. Open Book Publishers, Cambridge, UK.

Where has this evidence come from?

List of journals searched by synopsis

All the journals searched for all synopses

This Action forms part of the Action Synopsis:

Bird Conservation

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Reduce predation by translocating predators Action Link	Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)	3	Synopsis Link
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